Criminal procedure – Bail – Schedule 6 offences – s60(11)(a) onus on accused to prove exceptional circumstances – s60(14) police docket confidentiality and court’s discretion to order disclosure – s60(2)(c)/60(3) discretionary calling/ordering of evidence – s60(9) balancing of accused’s liberty against interests of justice – appellate review of wide judicial discretion.

Environmental and administrative law — municipal duty to maintain water and sanitation infrastructure — intergovernmental co-operation and separation of powers — procedural particularity in constitutional relief (PAJA/Rule 53) — costs in constitutional litigation where claims are vexatious.

Property law – Eviction under PIE Act – res judicata – continued occupation constitutes new cause of action; Alienation of Land Act – written deed required to transfer immovable property; registered owner’s vindicatory rights – just and equitable inquiry under s 4(7) PIE; costs on Magistrates’ Court scale.

Animal Diseases Act – biosecurity and movement controls – Control Measures for cloven-hoof animals – interim interdict – regulation of livestock movement across private farm – balancing statutory disease-control duties against historical access.

Guardianship/curator bonis – interdictory relief to compel disclosure and prevent obstruction – best interests of an adult with intellectual disability paramount – appointment of interim curatrix ad personam – threats and unlawful practice by unregistered representative – stay pending rescission unsustainable without counter‑application – costs on attorney and client scale.

Administrative law – review under PAJA and section 33 of the Constitution – reasonableness and procedural fairness; Children’s rights (section 28) – state duty to provide/procure child-protection services; Urgency – imminent prejudice to vulnerable children; Section 107 Children’s Act – designation certificates; Service-level agreements – funding and shared responsibility; Remedies – setting aside decision and substitution/directive relief; Costs including senior counsel.

Civil procedure — Service of process — Uniform Rule 4(1)(a)(iv) (substituted 27 Dec 2024) — domicilium citandi — delivery to person 16+ preferred; sheriff may leave copy if no person present — affixing not encompassed by subrule (iv) — sheriff's return must give detailed account — default judgment refused where service inadequately proved.

Spoliation – Enforcement pending appeal – Superior Courts Act s18(1),(3) – Requirement to prove exceptional circumstances and irreparable harm – Irreparable harm assessed factually and may be subsumed into exceptional-circumstances inquiry – Condonation for late affidavit – Costs (scale C, two counsel).

Superior Courts Act s18 – execution pending appeal – exceptional circumstances and irreparable harm required; non‑compliance with Local Government Disciplinary Regulation 6(2) – suspension of municipal manager; substantial compliance doctrine; personal costs order against office‑bearers.

Civil procedure – leave to appeal (s 17, Superior Courts Act) – mandament van spolie – elements of possession (physical and animus) – territorial definition by aerial annexure – interaction between mandament van spolie and MPRDA (s 54) – liens – exercise of judicial discretion in urgent spoliation relief – mootness/standing where contracting party changed.